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MA-1.02
UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS
Martial Arts Center of Excellence
The Basic School
Marine Corps Combat Development Command
Quantico, Virginia 22134
DETAILED OUTLINE
FUNDAMENTALS OF MARINE CORPS MARTIAL ARTS
INTRODUCTION
(
3 MIN)
1.
GAIN ATTENTION
. There are several fundamentals of the physical
discipline of our martial arts that are used throughout any type of
confrontation or situation. These fundamentals form the basis for all martial
arts instruction and techniques. Additionally, you must prepare your body
for the rigors of combat. To do so your body must possess the attributes of
both toughness and flexibility. Like iron, you must be able to absorb and
give out punishment but have the flexibility to prevent injuries. The proper
execution of these fundamentals will enable you to effectively perform
martial arts techniques that may very well save your life or the lives of
fellow Marines one day.
2.
OVERVIEW
. This lesson will cover the fundamentals of Marine Corps
Martial Arts to include the purpose of close combat, ranges of close combat,
weapons of the body, target areas of the body, pressure points, basic
warrior stance, and angles of approach and movement, and body hardening.
3.
LESSON PURPOSE
. The purpose of this period of instruction is to provide
an explanation of the martial arts skills taught in the tan belt course. A
student will teach the material to provide additional practice in instructing
close combat skills. There are no Terminal Learning Objectives or Enabling
Learning Objectives pertaining to this lesson.
4.
INTRODUCE LEARNING OBJECTIVES
. The Learning Objectives pertaining
to this lesson are as follows:
a.
TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE
. Without the aid of reference, given
the requirement, identify the fundamentals of the Marine Corps Martial
Art per MCRP 3-02B (8550.01.01a)
a.
ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Ma-1.02
(1) Without the aid of reference, given the requirement, identify the
ranges of close combat per MCRP 3-02B (8550.01.01a).
(2) Without the aid of reference, given the requirement, identify the
target areas of the body per MCRP 3-02B (8550.01.01a)
(3) Without the aid of reference, given the requirement, identify the
weapons of the body per MCRP 3-02B (8550.01.01a).
(4) Demonstrate the basic warrior stance per MCRP 3-02B
(8550.01.01a).
(5) Demonstrate angles of approach and movement per MCRP 3-02B
(8550.01.01a).
(6) Demonstrate body hardening tachniques per MCRP 3-02B
(8550.01.01a).
5.
METHOD/MEDIA
. This class will be taught by lecture, demonstration, and
practical application.
6.
EVALUATION
. Topics from this lesson will be evaluated by performance
examination.
BODY
(55 MIN)
1. INTRODUCTION TO CLOSE COMBAT
(3 MIN)
a.
Purpose of Close Combat
. The purpose of close combat is
to execute unarmed and armed techniques, in close proximity to
another individual, that comprise both lethal and non-lethal ends, across
a spectrum of violence within a continuum of force.
1) Unarmed techniques include hand-to-hand combat and
defense against hand-held weapons.
2) Armed techniques include techniques applied with your
T/O weapon or a weapon of opportunity.
b.
Ranges of Close Combat
. There are three ranges in which close
combat engagements can take place: long range, mid range, and close
range. In any engagement, these ranges may blur together or may
rapidly transition from one to another and then back again until the
opponent is defeated or the situation is handled.
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Ma-1.02
1)
Long Range
. At long range, the distance between combatants
allows engagement with a rifle and bayonet, weapons of opportunity or
non-lethal baton .
2)
Mid Range
. At mid range, the distance between combatants is such
that they can engage each other with knives, punches, or kicks.
3)
Close Range
. At close range, the distance between combatants is
such that they can grab a hold of each other and may involve elbow
and knee strikes and grappling.
2. WEAPONS OF THE BODY (5 MIN)
a.
Arms
. The hands, forearms, and elbows are the individual weapons of
the arm.
(1)
Hands.
There are several areas of the hands that can be utilized as
weapons.
(a)
Fist
. The fist can be used as a weapon directed at soft tissue
areas such as the throat. This will minimize the risk of injury to the
fist. The striking surfaces of the fist are the first two knuckles of
the hand or the meaty portion of the hand below the little finger.
(b)
Edge of Hands
. The edge of the hand (knife edge) can be used
as a weapon. Similar to the fist, all strikes should be directed
toward soft tissue areas.
(c)
Palm
. The heel of the palm, because of its padding, can be used
for striking, parrying, and blocking.
(d)
Fingers.
The fingers can be used for gouging, ripping, and
tearing soft tissue (e.g., eyes, throat, and groin).
(2)
Forearm
. The forearm can be used as a defensive tool to deflect or
block attacks. The forearm can also be used as a striking weapon to
damage or break joints and limbs. Strikes with the forearm do not
pose as high a risk of self injury as do strikes with the fist and fingers.
(3)
Elbow
. The elbow can be used as a striking weapon. Because of
the short distance needed to generate power, the elbow is an excellent
weapon for striking in the grappling range of close combat.
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b.
Legs.
The legs are more powerful than the other weapons of the body
and are less prone to injury when striking. The feet are protected by
boots and are the preferred choice for striking.
(1)
Foot
. The ball of the foot, the instep, and the toe can be used to
kick an opponent. The toe is only recommended for striking when
wearing boots. The cutting edge of the heel and the heel can be used
to stomp on an opponent.
(2)
Knee
. Like the elbow, the knee is an excellent weapon in the
grappling range of close combat. Knee strikes are most effective while
fighting close to your opponent where kicks are impractical. The groin
area is an ideal target for the knee strike against and opponent
standing upright. The knee strike can be a devastating secondary
attack to the face following an initial attack that causes the opponent to
bend at the waist.
3. TARGET AREAS OF THE BODY (5 MIN)
During close combat, the parts of the opponent's body that are readily
accessible will vary with each situation and throughout a confrontation. The
goal is to attack those areas that are readily accessible. These areas are
divided into five major groups: head, neck, torso, groin, and extremities.
a.
Head
. The vulnerable regions of the head are the eyes, temple, nose,
ears, and jaw. Massive damage to the skull can kill an opponent.
(1)
Eyes
. The eyes are excellent targets because they are soft tissue
not protected by bone or muscle. Any attack to this region may cause
the opponent to protect the area with his hands. Secondary attacks to
other target areas can then be successfully executed while the
opponent's hands are occupied.
(2)
Temple
. The temple is one of the most fragile areas of the skull.
Powerful strikes to the temple can cause permanent damage and
death.
(3)
Nose.
The nose is very sensitive and easily broken. An attack to
this area can cause involuntary watering and closing of the eyes,
rendering the opponent vulnerable to secondary attacks. Unless the
strikes to the nose are powerfully delivered, attacks to the nose may
not distract the opponent because, through training, individuals can
become accustomed to the effects of attacks to the nose.
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Ma-1.02
(5)
Jaw.
The jaw region, when struck forcefully, can cause
unconsciousness. Strikes to the jaw can cause painful injuries to teeth
and surrounding tissues (e.g., lips, tongue), but the risk of self injury is
great unless the strikes are delivered with a hard object such as a
helmet, rifle butt, or heel of the boot.
b.
Neck
.
(1)
Front of Neck
. The front of the neck or throat area is a soft tissue
area that is not covered by natural protection. Damage to this region
can cause the trachea to swell and close the airway, which can lead to
death.
(2)
Back of Neck
. The back of the neck or cervical region contains the
spinal cord, the nervous system link to the brain. The weight of the
head and the lack of large muscle mass in the neck area combine to
allow damage to the spinal column when the head is twisted violently.
Attacks to this region can readily cause pain and immobilization of the
opponent.
c.
Torso
.
(1)
Clavicle
. The clavicle or collar bone can be easily fractured, causing
immobilization of the opponent's arm.
(2)
Solar Plexus
. Attacks to the solar plexus or center of the chest can
immobilize the opponent by knocking the breath out of him.
(3)
Ribs
. Damage to the ribs can cause immobilization of the opponent
and may cause internal trauma.
(4)
Kidneys
. Powerful attacks to the kidneys can cause immobilization,
permanent damage, and death.
d.
Groin.
The groin area is another major soft tissue area not covered by
natural protection. Any damage to this area can cause the individual to
involuntarily provide protection to the injured area, usually with the hands
or legs. The scrotum is the main target since even a near miss will cause
severe pain, contraction of the lower abdominal muscles, deterioration of
the opponent's stance, and possible internal trauma.
5
(4)
Ears
. Attacks to the ear may cause the eardrum to rupture, but as
with the nose region, this may not stop or even distract the opponent
unless the strikes are delivered powerfully.
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